CSS Academy Pakistan

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CSS Academy Pakistan

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What are Plant cell?

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Plants cells are the basic structural and functional units of plants. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have specific structures that help plants to perform photosynthesis, store energy, and provide structural support. They are eukaryotic cells, meaning they have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Here are some of the most important properties of plant cells.

  1. Cell Wall:Plant cells which have a rigid cell wall composed of cellulose also provide structural support and protection for the cell.
  2. Chloroplast:Chloroplasts are helpful for the photosynthesis process. They can be found in plant cells. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a pigment that turns sunlight into chemical energy.
  3. Large-central Vacuole:Plant cells have a large central vacuole that occupies most of the cell’s volume. The vacuole stores water, nutrients, and waste products, and helps maintain turgidity in the cell.
  4. Plasmodesmata:Plant cells have plasmodesmata, which are channels that connect adjacent cells. These channels allow for the communication and transport of materials between cells.
  5. Mitochondria: Mitochondria are also known as Powerhouse of the cell, they generate energy through respiration.
  6. Ribosomes: Ribosomes produces proteins for cell growth and repair.
  7. Endoplasmic Reticulum:

         Rough ER: Has ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis.

         Smooth ER: involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

  1. Golgi apparatus: Modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and other molecules.
  2. Nucleus: The control center of the cell containing DNA, which regulates growth and functions.
  3. Chloroplast: Contain Chlorophyll, enabling photosynthesis (the process of making food using sunlight).
CharacteristicsBacterial CellPlant Cell
Cell WallPresent (composition varies).Present (composed of cellulose).
ChloroplastAbsent.Present (site of photosynthesis).
Genetic materialSingle circular DNA molecule (in the cytoplasm).Nucleus and organelles.
VacuoleSmall or absent.Large central vacuole.
NucleusAbsent (nucleoid region instead).Present.
PlasmodesmataAbsent.Present (channels between cells).
FlagellaPresent (for many bacterial species).Absent.

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